Joseph Case Study

Case Study Chapter #3 Case Study: Chapter 3, Joseph’s Story A-H A. ) List Joseph’s risk factors and create a brief summary of the information you have so far. Identify how his risk factors would affect cellular function. * The risk factors that Joseph had were smoking, lack of exercise, excessive weight gain, stressing, fatty foods, and a family history of vascular disease. Joseph is middle age Caucasian male who has suffered a heart attack. This may have been caused by him not taking care of his body properly. Joseph is already at high risk for heart disease due to a family history if vascular disease.

He has also been stressing, an increase in weight, not exercising, and unhealthy eating. These things could all play a role in how his heart is affected and functioning. His cellular functions are being affected because there is no oxygen flowing throughout the body getting to the heart, cells, organelles, or membranes that keep the body functioning properly. B. ) Assuming Joseph’ heart has stopped, what cellular process and membrane functions are going to be affected by the loss of oxygen, blood glucose, and waste removal? If Joseph’s heart stopped, the cellular process and membrane functions that would be affected are the aerobic process and the mitochondria. Oxygen and glucose are used in glycolysis which is reacted in the mitochondria where ATP is produced. Carbon dioxide is the waste product in this process and needs to be released. With oxygen and glucose not being present ATP cannot be produced and carbon dioxide cannot be released out the body. Therefor the cells are beginning to rapidly die and the pumps are begging to shut down.

Without the main energy source for all cells the body cannot function properly. C. ) Which intracellular organelles have membranes as part of their structures? How would the breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of Joseph’s heart cells? * The intracellular organelles that have membranes as part of their structures are the Mitochondria which has two membranes, and the ER, Golgi which only have one, and the ribosomes do not have its own membrane but it attaches to them.

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Breaking down the mitochondria would affect Joseph heart because lysosome enzymes which are bound within the vesicles will digest the plasma membranes and the membranes of the other organelles. D. ) Two important pieces of information- the instructions Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease- are both contained within the cell on what structures? - Joseph body is going to need its DNA to replicate itself, and also the growth and reproduction of his cells is going to be found on the Cytosol. E. Joseph’s heart attack has caused the function of his cells to change. What types of proteins in the cell membrane were involved in the homeostatic imbalances of his heart cells? * The type of proteins in the cell membrane that was involved in homeostatic imbalance of his heart cells were ATP. There was no ATP, so it affected the pumps in the membrane. The calcium levels rose, and it caused proteases to spill into the interior of the cell, attacking the cytoskeleton. This caused the lysosome enzymes to digest the plasma membranes and membranes of the organelles. F. Why was reestablishing oxygen flow to Joseph’s body so important? What processes would be affected by the lack of oxygen? * Reestablishing oxygen flow to Joseph’s body was important because the body was not functioning properly without oxygen and ATP which every living organelle and cells in the body needs. There are also major organs that need oxygen flowing to them such as the brain, heart, and lungs which require oxygen to maintain functioning. G. ) Consider once again Joseph’s health history and risk factors. What could you suggest to Joseph to reduce his risk for another heart attack? I would suggest that Joseph take care of himself more by exercising more, maintaining a healthy diet, staying stress free, and looking into his family history of vascular disease and taking his health more serious. H. ) Explain why Joseph’s heart failed based on what you have learned so far about the function of cells in the human body? * Joseph was living an unhealthy life style which consists of unhealthy eating, lack of exercising, smoking, with a family history of vascular disease; I think that Joseph heart failed because his body could no longer function properly.

Joseph heart was no longer receiving oxygen which made the cells work rapidly to try and give oxygen flow to the heart. The body was deprived of oxygen, glucose, and could not remove waste. There was no oxygen so the carbon dioxide levels in the body began to rise due to not being released, and caused a low pH. The cells and membranes lacked ATP the main source of energy in cells. The mitochondria could not produce ATP because there was no oxygen, so the cells began to die and the membrane pumps began to shut down. There was no oxygen flowing throughout the body which killed the cells and they were not able to be reproduced.

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